Charaichung Royal Bird Sanctuary: A Jewel of Assam

Charaichung Royal Bird Sanctuary: A Historical Overview

The Charaichung Royal Bird Sanctuary, located on Assam's Majuli Island, is notable for being Asia's first protected bird sanctuary. Established in 1633 AD by the Ahom king Swargadeu Pratap Singha, it holds immense ecological and cultural significance.

Location and ecological significance

Majuli Island, the world's largest river island, is home to this sanctuary. It is situated amidst the confluence of the Brahmaputra River and its tributaries, the Kherkutia Xuti and Subansiri. The sanctuary is a haven for nearly 150 varieties of indigenous and migratory birds, highlighting the importance of their conservation.

Charaichung Festival: Celebrating Nature

The recent Charaichung Festival was celebrated on Majuli Island, marking its second edition. This festival aims to rejuvenate interest in the sanctuary and promote it as a tourist destination. Supported by the Majuli Sahitya and local residents, the event is intended to raise awareness about the importance of the sanctuary.

Majuli Island: A Unique Ecosystem

Majuli Island is not just a unique ecological zone, but also a vibrant cultural hub. The primary livelihood for its residents revolves around rice cultivation, with special varieties like Komal Saul and Bao Dhan being cultivated here. The island is home to three main tribes: Mishing, Deori, and Sonowal Kachari, each contributing to its rich cultural tapestry.

The Importance of Conservation

Given the sanctuary's status, efforts are ongoing to ensure the protection of both indigenous and migratory bird species. The Charaichung Royal Bird Sanctuary serves as a critical site for ecological research and conservation, making it a vital area for environmental studies and preservation efforts.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is the Charaichung Royal Bird Sanctuary?
Answer: The Charaichung Royal Bird Sanctuary is Asia's first protected bird sanctuary, established in 1633 AD in Assam's Majuli Island, housing around 150 bird species.

Q2. Why is the Charaichung Festival celebrated?
Answer: The Charaichung Festival aims to promote the sanctuary as a significant tourism destination while raising awareness about bird conservation efforts.

Q3. What types of birds can be found in the sanctuary?
Answer: The sanctuary is home to nearly 150 varieties of both indigenous and migratory birds, making it a vital site for biodiversity.

Q4. How does Majuli Island contribute to local livelihoods?
Answer: Rice cultivation is the primary livelihood for Majuli's residents, with unique rice varieties like Komal Saul and Bao Dhan being grown, contributing to the local economy.

Q5. What tribes inhabit Majuli Island?
Answer: The island is inhabited by three main tribes: Mishing, Deori, and Sonowal Kachari, each playing a key role in the island's cultural heritage.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: When was the Charaichung Royal Bird Sanctuary established?
A) 1500 AD
B) 1633 AD
C) 1700 AD
D) 1800 AD
Correct Answer: B

Question 2: What is the primary livelihood of the residents of Majuli Island?
A) Fishing
B) Rice cultivation
C) Handicrafts
D) Tourism
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: How many bird species are found in the Charaichung Royal Bird Sanctuary?
A) 75
B) 150
C) 200
D) 300
Correct Answer: B

Question 4: Which river forms Majuli Island?
A) Ganges
B) Brahmaputra
C) Yamuna
D) Godavari
Correct Answer: B

Question 5: Which tribes are primarily found on Majuli Island?
A) Mishing, Deori, and Sonowal Kachari
B) Bhil, Santhal, and Munda
C) Kachari, Ahom, and Bodo
D) Khasi, Manipuri, and Naga
Correct Answer: A

Question 6: What is the significance of the Charaichung Festival?
A) Cultural celebration
B) Awareness for conservation
C) Agricultural fair
D) Economic summit
Correct Answer: B

Question 7: Who established the Charaichung Royal Bird Sanctuary?
A) British
B) Ahom king Swargadeu Pratap Singha
C) Local tribes
D) Environmental NGOs
Correct Answer: B