Discovering New Spider Species in Meghalaya

New Discoveries in Meghalaya's Biodiversity

Meghalaya has recently added two newly identified jumping spider species to India's rich biodiversity record. This discovery reaffirms the state’s ecological importance within the Indo-Burma mega hotspot. Scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) documented Asemonea dentis and Colyttus nongwar from the forested landscapes of the region.

Distinctive Features of Asemonea dentis

Asemonea dentis marks only the third Indian species within the genus Asemonea. The name 'dentis' refers to a tooth-like projection on the male palpal femur, which is a key diagnostic trait. Males of this species exhibit a greenish-brown body with a pale yellow V-shaped abdominal marking. In contrast, females are creamy white with fine black patterns, showcasing sexual dimorphism.

Characteristics of Colyttus nongwar

Colyttus nongwar is the second Indian representative of the Oriental genus Colyttus. Named after the Khasi Hills village of Nongwar, this species features an oval reddish-brown carapace and a light-brown abdomen bordered by a creamy band. It also has five distinct chevron-shaped patches toward the rear, which contribute to its unique appearance.

Significance for Conservation and Research

Researchers emphasize that these findings highlight the ecological richness of Northeast India, an area that remains underexplored. The forests, sacred groves, and cliffs of Meghalaya are irreplaceable habitats that support diverse wildlife. Continued fieldwork is essential for documenting India’s natural heritage. The discoveries have been formally published in the journal Zootaxa, reflecting their scientific importance.

Exam-Oriented Facts

• Asemonea dentis and Colyttus nongwar were discovered in Meghalaya by ZSI scientists.
• Both species belong to the Salticidae family, commonly known as jumping spiders.
• Asemonea dentis is the third Indian species of its genus.
• Colyttus nongwar is the second representative of its genus in India.
• The species descriptions were published in the journal Zootaxa.

Expanding India’s Biodiversity Catalogue

The recent discoveries underscore the need for more systematic surveys across Northeast India. Many regions remain scientifically under-documented, and researchers believe that numerous species are yet to be discovered. This reinforces the region’s status as a biodiversity frontier.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What are the newly discovered spider species in Meghalaya?
Answer: The newly discovered spider species in Meghalaya are Asemonea dentis and Colyttus nongwar, identified by scientists from the Zoological Survey of India.

Q2. Why are these discoveries significant for biodiversity?
Answer: These discoveries highlight the ecological richness of Northeast India and emphasize the need for further exploration to document the region's diverse species.

Q3. Where were these spider species found?
Answer: The species were documented in forested landscapes within Meghalaya, an area known for its rich biodiversity and unique ecosystems.

Q4. What family do Asemonea dentis and Colyttus nongwar belong to?
Answer: Both species belong to the Salticidae family, which is commonly known as the jumping spiders.

Q5. In which journal were these findings published?
Answer: The findings were published in the journal Zootaxa, signifying their scientific importance in arachnology.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the significance of the discoveries made in Meghalaya?
A) They highlight the need for conservation efforts.
B) They contribute to India's biodiversity record.
C) They identify new habitats for species.
D) All of the above.
Correct Answer: D

Question 2: What is the family name of the newly discovered spider species?
A) Araneidae
B) Salticidae
C) Thomisidae
D) Lycosidae
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: How many species of Asemonea have been discovered in India?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
Correct Answer: C

Question 4: Where is the village Nongwar located?
A) Meghalaya
B) Assam
C) Arunachal Pradesh
D) Tripura
Correct Answer: A

Question 5: Which journal published the findings of the new spider species?
A) Nature
B) Zootaxa
C) Journal of Arachnology
D) Biological Conservation
Correct Answer: B