Katchatheevu: Historical Significance and Fishing Rights

Understanding Katchatheevu

Katchatheevu is a small uninhabited island located between Neduntheevu in Sri Lanka and Rameswaram in India. This island holds significant historical relevance, primarily due to its use by both Sri Lankan Tamil and Tamil Nadu fishermen. Its strategic location has made it a focal point in discussions surrounding fishing rights and territorial sovereignty.

Historical Conflicts Surrounding Katchatheevu

Until 1974, Katchatheevu was a contested region between India and Sri Lanka. The island's ownership was a subject of dispute, especially during the British colonial era when it was administered by both nations. In 1974, under the leadership of former Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, India recognized Katchatheevu as part of Sri Lanka through the Indo-Sri Lankan Maritime Agreement.

The Indo-Sri Lankan Maritime Agreement of 1974

This agreement was crucial in resolving maritime boundaries in the Palk Strait. It officially acknowledged Katchatheevu as under Sri Lankan sovereignty, leading to mutual acceptance of ownership between the two nations. This agreement aimed to ensure peaceful coexistence and management of shared resources.

Controversy Over the Transfer's Legality

The legality of Katchatheevu's transfer has been a topic of debate, particularly due to its non-ratification by the Indian Parliament. It is important to note that under the Indian constitution, global or bilateral treaties do not necessarily require parliamentary ratification, as they can be ratified by the Cabinet. The absence of Katchatheevu in the First Schedule of India's Constitution suggests that India did not assert legal sovereignty over the island, yet it remains culturally significant for Tamil Nadu fishermen.

Katchatheevu's Role in Fishing Activities

Katchatheevu serves as a vital fishing ground for both Indian and Sri Lankan fishermen. The Indo-Sri Lankan agreement allows Indian fishermen to operate near Katchatheevu and use the island for drying nets. However, issues like unauthorized fishing and poaching have led to tensions in bilateral relations.

St. Anthony's Shrine on Katchatheevu

Among the notable landmarks on Katchatheevu is St. Anthony's Shrine, a Catholic church established in the early 20th century. The shrine honors Antony of Padua, the patron saint of seafarers for Christians. Each year, an annual festival attracts pilgrims from both India and Sri Lanka, highlighting the island's cultural and religious significance.

Indian Government's Stance on the Katchatheevu Dispute

The Indian government has maintained that no territory was relinquished and that sovereignty was not surrendered concerning Katchatheevu. The area was not clearly demarcated, and its status was formalized through the 1974 agreement. Historical evidence and legal considerations played a significant role in resolving the dispute.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is Katchatheevu and where is it located?
Answer: Katchatheevu is an uninhabited island between Neduntheevu, Sri Lanka, and Rameswaram, India, historically significant for Tamil fishermen.

Q2. What historical conflict surrounded Katchatheevu between India and Sri Lanka?
Answer: Katchatheevu was contested until 1974, when India recognized it as part of Sri Lanka through the Indo-Sri Lankan Maritime Agreement.

Q3. What is the Indo-Sri Lankan Maritime Agreement of 1974?
Answer: This agreement resolved maritime boundaries in the Palk Strait, recognizing Katchatheevu under Sri Lankan sovereignty.

Q4. Why was Katchatheevu's transfer legality controversial?
Answer: Its legality was disputed due to non-ratification by the Indian Parliament, though treaties can be ratified by the Cabinet.

Q5. What role does Katchatheevu play in fishing activities?
Answer: Katchatheevu is crucial for fishing, allowing Indian fishermen to fish nearby and dry nets, but unauthorized activities strain relations.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the primary significance of Katchatheevu?
A) Tourist destination
B) Fishing rights and sovereignty
C) Historical monument
D) Military base
Correct Answer: B

Question 2: Who acknowledged Katchatheevu as part of Sri Lanka?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Indira Gandhi
C) Rajiv Gandhi
D) Sonia Gandhi
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: What year was the Indo-Sri Lankan Maritime Agreement signed?
A) 1971
B) 1974
C) 1980
D) 1985
Correct Answer: B

Question 4: What is a major concern related to fishing in Katchatheevu?
A) Overfishing
B) Poaching and unauthorized fishing
C) Pollution
D) Lack of fish
Correct Answer: B