New Spider Species Asemonea dentis and Colyttus nongwar Discovered

New Discoveries in Arachnology: Asemonea dentis and Colyttus nongwar

Recent findings by scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have led to the identification of two remarkable species of jumping spiders: Asemonea dentis and Colyttus nongwar. These species were discovered in the lush forests of Northeast India, specifically in Meghalaya.

About Asemonea dentis and Colyttus nongwar

Both species belong to the Salticidae family, known for their exceptional vision, quick reflexes, and hunting prowess. Unlike typical web-weaving spiders, jumping spiders exhibit a unique hunting technique by stealthily stalking their prey before executing a precise leap.

Asemonea dentis

Asemonea dentis marks only the third identified species in the Asemonea genus within India, a group that remains largely underdocumented. This species is notably named ‘dentis’ due to a unique tooth-like projection found on the male's palpal femur. Males typically present a greenish-brown body adorned with a pale-yellow V-shaped pattern on their abdomen. In contrast, females exhibit a creamy white coloration with subtle black markings.

Colyttus nongwar

Colyttus nongwar is the second species from the lesser-known Oriental genus Colyttus. It derives its name from Nongwar, a village situated in the Khasi Hills where it was first documented. Both male and female Colyttus nongwar feature an oval, reddish-brown carapace complemented by a light-brown abdomen, which is bordered at the front by a creamy band and displays five distinct chevron-shaped patches towards the rear.

The Importance of Discovering New Species

The discovery of these new spider species is crucial for understanding biodiversity and the ecological balance in their respective habitats. As researchers continue to explore the rich biodiversity of India, such findings highlight the importance of conservation and the need to protect these unique habitats.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What are Asemonea dentis and Colyttus nongwar?
Answer: They are newly identified species of jumping spiders discovered in Meghalaya, India, contributing to the biodiversity of the region.

Q2. What family do these spiders belong to?
Answer: Both species belong to the Salticidae family, known for their agility and predatory skills.

Q3. Why are jumping spiders unique?
Answer: They are distinct for their excellent vision and hunting strategies, stalking prey before making rapid leaps.

Q4. How many species of Asemonea are found in India?
Answer: Asemonea dentis is only the third identified species in India, indicating limited documentation of this genus.

Q5. What is the significance of spider discoveries like these?
Answer: Discoveries enhance our understanding of biodiversity, ecological balances, and the need for conservation efforts in their habitats.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: Which family do Asemonea dentis and Colyttus nongwar belong to?
A) Theridiidae
B) Araneidae
C) Salticidae
D) Lycosidae
Correct Answer: C

Question 2: Where were Asemonea dentis and Colyttus nongwar discovered?
A) Western Ghats
B) Himalayas
C) Meghalaya
D) Sundarbans
Correct Answer: C

Question 3: What is the primary characteristic of jumping spiders?
A) They spin webs
B) They have poor eyesight
C) They stalk and leap
D) They are nocturnal
Correct Answer: C

Question 4: What unique feature is Asemonea dentis named after?
A) Its color
B) Its habitat
C) A tooth-like projection
D) Its size
Correct Answer: C

Question 5: How many species from the Asemonea genus are documented in India?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
Correct Answer: C