Advancements in Rice Cultivation: Pusa-44 and Pusa-2090

Understanding Pusa-44

Pusa-44 is a prominent rice variety developed by the Indian agricultural research Institute (IARI) in New Delhi. This variety is notable for several key characteristics:

Long Duration and Harvesting Timeline

Pusa-44 requires approximately 155 to 160 days to mature, starting from nursery sowing to the final grain harvest. It is typically sown in nurseries during May, transplanted in mid-June, and is ready for harvest by late October.

Impact on Subsequent Crops

One significant challenge with Pusa-44 is that its late harvesting leaves farmers with minimal time to prepare their fields for the subsequent wheat crop, which ideally should be sown by mid-November. This time constraint often leads to:

• stubble burning: Farmers frequently resort to burning leftover stubble and straw after harvest to clear fields quickly, which contributes to air pollution.

Pusa-44's Popularity

Despite its lengthy maturation period, Pusa-44 is favored by farmers for its:

• High Yield: It can produce around 35 to 36 quintals per acre, with reports of some farmers achieving yields of up to 40 quintals per acre.

Introduction of Pusa-2090

In response to the need for more efficient rice cultivation, IARI developed Pusa-2090, an improved version of Pusa-44. Key features of Pusa-2090 include:

• Reduced Maturity Time: Pusa-2090 matures in just 120 to 125 days.
• Genetic Cross: This variety is a crossbreed between Pusa-44 and CB-501, an early-maturing Japonica rice line.
• Yield: Pusa-2090 claims to match the high yields of Pusa-44.

Significance of Pusa-2090

The development of Pusa-2090 holds significant implications for sustainable agriculture:

• Reduction in Air Pollution: The shorter maturation period allows for timely field clearance for wheat sowing, thereby reducing the need for stubble burning.
• Efficient Farming Cycle: It aids in maintaining the crop rotation cycle without the pressure of time constraints.
• Sustainable Agricultural Practices: Pusa-2090 promotes environmentally friendly farming methods.

This advancement in rice cultivation is a crucial step towards enhancing agricultural productivity while addressing environmental concerns related to stubble burning, particularly in regions like Punjab and Haryana. These areas significantly impact air quality in northern India, including Delhi.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What are the main characteristics of Pusa-44?
Answer: Pusa-44 is known for its long maturity period of 155-160 days and high yield potential, producing up to 40 quintals per acre. However, it poses challenges for subsequent wheat sowing due to late harvesting.

Q2. How does Pusa-2090 differ from Pusa-44?
Answer: Pusa-2090 matures faster in 120-125 days compared to Pusa-44, which helps reduce the need for stubble burning and allows timely preparation for wheat sowing.

Q3. Why is stubble burning a concern for farmers?
Answer: Stubble burning is a major environmental issue as it contributes significantly to air pollution, particularly in northern India, affecting both local communities and air quality.

Q4. What is the yield potential of Pusa-2090?
Answer: Pusa-2090 is designed to match the high yield of Pusa-44, which can produce up to 40 quintals per acre, making it a viable option for farmers.

Q5. How does Pusa-2090 promote sustainable agriculture?
Answer: By reducing the maturation period, Pusa-2090 enables timely cropping cycles and encourages environmentally friendly practices, thereby improving sustainability in agriculture.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the maturity period of Pusa-44?
A) 120-125 days
B) 155-160 days
C) 140-145 days
D) 100-105 days
Correct Answer: B

Question 2: Which rice variety is a crossbreed with Pusa-44?
A) Pusa-2020
B) Pusa-2090
C) CB-501
D) Pusa-3010
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: What is a significant consequence of late harvesting of Pusa-44?
A) Increased crop yield
B) Timely field preparation
C) Stubble burning
D) Enhanced soil fertility
Correct Answer: C