Comprehensive Overview of PRITHVI Scheme and Deep Ocean Mission

What is the PRITHVI scheme?

The PRITHVI scheme, spearheaded by the Ministry of Earth sciences (MoES) in India, is an extensive initiative designed to enhance research across various fields of Earth sciences. This includes the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. By consolidating multiple ongoing research projects under a single framework, the scheme aims to streamline funding and improve research efficiency until 2026.

What is the Budget Allocation for the PRITHVI Scheme?

The Union Cabinet has approved a significant budget of Rs 4,797 crore for the PRITHVI scheme. This financial commitment underscores the government's dedication to advancing research in oceanic, atmospheric, and polar sciences.

Why is the PRITHVI Scheme Important?

In light of the rising challenges posed by climate change, such as extreme weather events, higher sea levels, and glacier retreat, the PRITHVI scheme plays a crucial role. It deepens our understanding of atmospheric and oceanic dynamics, which is vital for developing effective strategies to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change.

What Areas of Research Does the PRITHVI Scheme Cover?

The PRITHVI scheme addresses a wide range of research areas, including:

• Atmosphere and climate research
• Ocean services and technology
• Polar science and cryosphere research
• Seismology and geosciences
• Research education, training, and outreach initiatives

Will the PRITHVI Scheme Enable International Collaborations?

Yes, the PRITHVI scheme marks a significant advancement by paving the way for Indian scientists to collaborate with international experts. This encourages global knowledge exchange and collaborative research initiatives.

What is the Deep Ocean Mission?

Launched by the MoES in 2021, the Deep Ocean Mission is focused on exploring the deep ocean for minerals while understanding the environmental impacts of deep-sea mining. With a funding of Rs 4,077 crore, this mission concentrates on surveys and exploration for metals and minerals in the Indian Ocean basin.

What are the Objectives of the Deep Ocean Mission?

The Deep Ocean Mission aims to:

• Extract essential minerals such as cobalt, copper, nickel, and manganese from the deep sea
• Identify areas suitable for hydrothermal activities and sulphide mineralisation
• Ensure sustainable usage of ocean resources while assessing the environmental impacts of deep-sea activities

How Does the Deep Ocean Mission Contribute to Ocean Research?

By conducting comprehensive surveys and explorations in the Indian Ocean, the Deep Ocean Mission enriches our understanding of oceanic resources and environmental dynamics. This knowledge is crucial for sustainable resource utilization and the protection of marine ecosystems.

Notable Achievements of the Deep Ocean Mission

The Deep Ocean Mission has made significant progress by conducting surveys in the central Indian Ocean basin. It has identified potential sites for metal exploration and zones favorable for hydrothermal activities and sulphide mineralisation. These achievements greatly enhance our comprehension and sustainable exploitation of deep-sea resources.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is the main purpose of the PRITHVI scheme?
Answer: The PRITHVI scheme aims to advance research in Earth sciences by consolidating various projects, improving funding efficiency, and addressing climate change challenges.

Q2. How much budget has been allocated to the Deep Ocean Mission?
Answer: The Deep Ocean Mission has a budget of Rs 4,077 crore to explore deep-sea resources and assess environmental impacts.

Q3. What types of minerals are targeted in the Deep Ocean Mission?
Answer: The mission focuses on extracting vital minerals such as cobalt, copper, nickel, and manganese from the deep sea.

Q4. Can the PRITHVI scheme lead to international research collaborations?
Answer: Yes, the PRITHVI scheme fosters collaboration between Indian scientists and international experts, promoting global research initiatives.

Q5. What is the significance of the Deep Ocean Mission for marine ecosystems?
Answer: The mission enhances our understanding of deep-sea environments, ensuring sustainable resource use and protection of marine ecosystems.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the primary objective of the PRITHVI scheme?
A) To explore space resources
B) To enhance Earth sciences research
C) To develop renewable energy
D) To promote agricultural studies
Correct Answer: B

Question 2: How much funding has been approved for the PRITHVI scheme?
A) Rs 2,500 crore
B) Rs 4,797 crore
C) Rs 3,000 crore
D) Rs 5,500 crore
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: Which organization leads the PRITHVI scheme?
A) Ministry of Environment
B) Ministry of Earth Sciences
C) Ministry of Science and Technology
D) Ministry of Agriculture
Correct Answer: B