Decoding the Genome of Indian Oil Sardine: A Breakthrough in Marine Research

Decoding the Genome of Indian Oil Sardine

A groundbreaking achievement has been made in marine biology as researchers at the ICAR-Central marine fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) successfully decoded the genome of the Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps), a widely consumed fish species. This event marks the first time a marine fish genome from the Indian subcontinent has been fully sequenced.

Importance of the Research

This scientific milestone represents a significant advance for Indian marine fisheries. The decoded genome provides essential information regarding the biology, ecology, and evolutionary history of the oil sardine. Such insights are invaluable for developing effective conservation and sustainable utilization strategies for this important fish species.

Genome Characteristics

The complete genome of the Indian oil sardine is approximately 1.077 gigabases (Gb) in size, containing a total of 46,316 protein-coding genes. This extensive genetic information is crucial for understanding various biological processes.

Implications for climate change adaptation

One of the key insights gained from the decoded genome is the oil sardine's adaptation mechanisms to climate change. This includes its ability to maintain nutritional quality, especially in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are essential for human health.

Future Directions

With this genomic information, researchers can develop enhanced conservation strategies and sustainable management practices. These strategies are critical for ensuring the long-term viability of the oil sardine population and supporting the fishing communities that rely on this species.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is the significance of decoding the Indian oil sardine genome?
Answer: Decoding the genome is crucial for understanding the biology and ecology of the Indian oil sardine, aiding in conservation and sustainable fishing strategies.

Q2. How does the genome decoding help in climate change adaptation?
Answer: The decoded genome provides insights into the fish's adaptation mechanisms, which can help mitigate the impacts of climate change on its population.

Q3. What is the size of the decoded genome of the Indian oil sardine?
Answer: The genome of the Indian oil sardine is approximately 1.077 gigabases (Gb) in size, encompassing 46,316 protein-coding genes.

Q4. What are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and why are they important?
Answer: PUFA are essential fats that support various health functions in humans, and the oil sardine is a significant source of these nutrients.

Q5. Who conducted the genome decoding research for the Indian oil sardine?
Answer: The research was conducted by scientists at the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), marking a major achievement in marine research.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the primary focus of the genome decoding of the Indian oil sardine?
A) Understanding its migration patterns
B) Developing new fishing techniques
C) Insights into biology and conservation
D) Improving aquaculture practices
Correct Answer: C

Question 2: How many protein-coding genes are found in the decoded genome of the Indian oil sardine?
A) 35,000
B) 46,316
C) 50,000
D) 60,000
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: Which organization was responsible for decoding the genome of the Indian oil sardine?
A) ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
B) National Institute of Oceanography
C) Indian Council of Agricultural Research
D) Fisheries Research Institute
Correct Answer: A

Question 4: What role do polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) play in human health?
A) They are a source of protein
B) They aid in digestion
C) They support cardiovascular health
D) They provide energy
Correct Answer: C

Question 5: What is one of the benefits of understanding the genome of the Indian oil sardine?
A) Enhanced cooking methods
B) Better conservation strategies
C) Increased fishing quotas
D) Improved market prices
Correct Answer: B

Question 6: What is the significance of the Indian oil sardine in marine fisheries?
A) It is a primary predator
B) It supports local economies
C) It is an invasive species
D) It is a rare species
Correct Answer: B

Question 7: Which factor is essential for the oil sardine's adaptation to climate change?
A) Reproductive rates
B) Nutritional quality of PUFA
C) Commercial fishing techniques
D) Habitat diversity
Correct Answer: B