India’s TB Genome Sequencing Initiative: A Step Towards Eradication

Recent Developments in India's TB Programme

India is making significant strides in tackling tuberculosis (TB) through the recent completion of sequencing 10,000 TB genome samples. This effort is part of the 'Dare2eraD TB' initiative, aimed at using data-driven research to eradicate TB.

Purpose of Sequencing TB Genomes

The primary goal of sequencing TB genomes is to identify drug-resistant strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. This knowledge is crucial for understanding the unique features and challenges posed by TB, enabling more effective treatment strategies.

Target for Sequencing

As part of this ambitious project, the aim is to sequence a total of 32,500 samples, with completion expected by October of this year. This extensive data collection will enrich the understanding of TB across India.

Institutions Involved

The initiative involves collaboration between several prominent institutions, including the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), and the National Institute of Immunology (NII). These organizations are working together to harness scientific expertise in the fight against TB.

Initial Findings from Sequencing

Preliminary results indicate that about 7% of the sequenced samples exhibited resistance to a single drug. Additionally, many patients identified in the study were found to be diabetic and underweight, highlighting the complex interplay between TB and other health conditions.

India's TB Elimination Goal

India has set an ambitious target to eliminate TB by the year 2025, which is five years ahead of the global target set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for 2030. This proactive approach underscores the country's commitment to public health and disease eradication.

Importance of Genome Sequencing in TB control

Genome sequencing plays a critical role in TB control by enabling faster detection of drug resistance. This advancement can significantly reduce the treatment time for patients, cutting it down from weeks to just one week, thus improving patient outcomes and reducing transmission rates.

Public service demands not only dedication, but also the foresight to act before the crisis becomes visible.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is the 'Dare2eraD TB' initiative?
Answer: The 'Dare2eraD TB' initiative is a project aimed at sequencing TB genomes to identify drug-resistant strains and enhance strategies for TB eradication in India.

Q2. How many samples does India aim to sequence for TB research?
Answer: India aims to sequence a total of 32,500 TB samples under the 'Dare2eraD TB' initiative, with completion expected by October 2023.

Q3. Why is genome sequencing crucial for TB control?
Answer: Genome sequencing is vital as it allows for the quick identification of drug resistance, enabling more effective treatment plans and significantly reducing treatment duration.

Q4. What were some findings from the initial TB genome sequencing?
Answer: Initial findings indicated that 7% of the samples were resistant to a single drug, and many patients were found to have comorbid conditions like diabetes.

Q5. What is India's target year for TB elimination?
Answer: India aims to eliminate TB by 2025, which is five years earlier than the WHO's global target of 2030.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the goal of the 'Dare2eraD TB' initiative?
A) To create a vaccine for TB
B) To sequence TB genomes and identify drug resistance
C) To provide free TB treatment
D) To increase public awareness of TB
Correct Answer: B

Question 2: Which institution is NOT involved in the 'Dare2eraD TB' initiative?
A) Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
B) National Institute of Immunology (NII)
C) World Health Organization (WHO)
D) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
Correct Answer: C

Question 3: What percentage of sequenced TB samples showed drug resistance?
A) 5%
B) 7%
C) 10%
D) 15%
Correct Answer: B

Question 4: By what year does India aim to eliminate TB?
A) 2030
B) 2025
C) 2022
D) 2028
Correct Answer: B

Question 5: What is one significant benefit of genome sequencing in TB treatment?
A) Lowering treatment costs
B) Reducing treatment time
C) Increasing patient intake
D) Preventing TB outbreaks
Correct Answer: B