Influence of M.S. Golwalkar on RSS and Modern India

Understanding M.S. Golwalkar and His Ideological Influence

M.S. Golwalkar, affectionately known as ‘Guruji’, served as the second Sarsanghchalak (chief) of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) from 1940 until his demise in 1973. His leadership period was pivotal in solidifying the ideological framework of the RSS and enhancing its institutional presence in India, especially after the country gained independence.

The Significance of 'Bunch of Thoughts'

One of Golwalkar's most notable contributions is his book titled 'Bunch of Thoughts'. This work encapsulates his viewpoints on nationalism, advocating the idea of a 'Hindu Rashtra'. This text holds immense significance for proponents of Hindutva, paralleling the influence of religious scriptures such as the Bible and Quran for their followers.

Golwalkar's Vision of National Identity

Golwalkar's perspective on India's national identity was deeply intertwined with Hindu culture. He envisioned India as a 'Hindu Rashtra', advocating that governance should be aligned with Hindu dharma. This ideology promotes an enlightened form of nationalism, embracing diversity within a framework of cultural unity.

Influence on Contemporary Indian politics

The impact of Golwalkar's ideas on modern Indian politics is profound. His vision continues to resonate, particularly within the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which evolved from the RSS. The concept of a 'Hindu Rashtra' remains a contentious topic in political discussions across India, shaping the ideological landscape of the nation.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. Who was M.S. Golwalkar and what was his role in the RSS?
Answer: M.S. Golwalkar, known as ‘Guruji’, was the second Sarsanghchalak of the RSS, serving from 1940 to 1973. He played a vital role in establishing the RSS's ideological base and strengthening its institutional framework post-independence.

Q2. What is ‘Bunch of Thoughts’ and why is it significant?
Answer: 'Bunch of Thoughts' is a book by M.S. Golwalkar detailing his views on nationalism and a 'Hindu Rashtra'. It is a foundational text for Hindutva ideology, comparable to key religious texts for various faiths.

Q3. What was Golwalkar’s view on India’s national identity?
Answer: Golwalkar believed India's identity should be rooted in Hindu culture, promoting a 'Hindu Rashtra' governed by Hindu dharma, which emphasizes enlightened nationalism and respect for diversity.

Q4. How did Golwalkar’s ideas influence contemporary Indian politics?
Answer: Golwalkar's ideologies significantly shaped the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), an RSS offshoot. His vision of a 'Hindu Rashtra' continues to spark debate and influence political discourse in India.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: Who was the second Sarsanghchalak of the RSS?
A) M.S. Golwalkar
B) K.B. Hedgewar
C) Balasaheb Deoras
D) Rajendra Singh
Correct Answer: A

Question 2: What is the main theme of 'Bunch of Thoughts'?
A) Economic reforms
B) Hindu nationalism
C) Environmental issues
D) Globalization
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: In which year did M.S. Golwalkar become the chief of RSS?
A) 1930
B) 1940
C) 1950
D) 1960
Correct Answer: B

Question 4: What does Golwalkar's concept of 'Hindu Rashtra' emphasize?
A) Secularism
B) Cultural unity based on Hindu values
C) Economic development
D) Westernization
Correct Answer: B

Question 5: How did Golwalkar influence the BJP?
A) By promoting socialism
B) Through Hindutva ideology
C) By advocating for women’s rights
D) By focusing on education
Correct Answer: B