New Discoveries: Indian Names for Martian Craters

Introduction to New Martian Craters

Scientists from Ahmedabad’s Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) have made an exciting discovery on Mars by identifying three new craters. These craters have been named Lal, Mursan, and Hilsa, in honor of a distinguished Indian geophysicist and two towns in India. This recognition highlights the importance of Indian contributions to planetary science.

Details of the Newly Named Craters

The naming of these craters was sanctioned by the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN) on June 5. The craters are located in the Tharsis volcanic region of Mars, a significant volcanic plateau situated near the planet's equator.

• Lal Crater: This is the largest of the three, measuring approximately 65 kilometers in width.
• Mursan Crater: Located on the eastern side of Lal Crater, it spans about 10 kilometers.
• Hilsa Crater: Positioned on the western side of Lal Crater, it also measures around 10 kilometers in width.

Geological Insights

The surrounding region of Lal Crater is predominantly covered with lava. However, geophysical studies indicate the presence of sedimentary deposits, suggesting that the area may have experienced significant water activity in the past. This finding supports the theory that Mars once had substantial water flow on its surface, providing important clues about the planet's geological history.

Historical Context of Crater Naming

This event is not the first instance of Indian scientists naming Martian craters. Previous names such as Poona, Lonar, and Kakori have also been attributed to craters on Mars. According to international naming conventions, craters smaller than 60 kilometers are typically named after towns with populations under 100,000. Once the WGPSN approves these names, they are officially recognized and included in scientific maps and publications.

Mars and Its Crater Landscape

Mars is dotted with numerous craters, with NASA estimating over 43,000 impact craters larger than 5 kilometers in diameter. The largest known crater, Hellas Planitia, measures about 2,250 kilometers across and is situated in the southern hemisphere of Mars.

Conclusion

The naming of these new craters underscores the significant contributions of Indian scientists to the field of planetary science. It also highlights the continuous research and discoveries that enrich our understanding of Mars' history and geology.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What are the names of the newly discovered Mars craters?
Answer: The newly discovered Mars craters are named Lal, Mursan, and Hilsa, honoring an Indian scientist and two towns in India.

Q2. Who approved the names for the Martian craters?
Answer: The International Astronomical Union's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN) approved the names on June 5.

Q3. What is the significance of Lal Crater?
Answer: Lal Crater is the largest of the three, spanning 65 kilometers, and is significant for its potential evidence of past water activity.

Q4. Where are the new craters located on Mars?
Answer: The craters are situated in the Tharsis volcanic region, a prominent volcanic plateau on Mars.

Q5. How many craters does Mars have?
Answer: NASA estimates that Mars has over 43,000 impact craters larger than 5 kilometers in diameter.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the name of the largest newly discovered crater on Mars?
A) Mursan Crater
B) Hilsa Crater
C) Lal Crater
D) Hellas Planitia
Correct Answer: C

Question 2: Which organization approved the names of the new craters on Mars?
A) NASA
B) International Astronomical Union
C) United Nations
D) European Space Agency
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: What is the approximate size of Mursan and Hilsa Craters?
A) 5 kilometers
B) 10 kilometers
C) 20 kilometers
D) 65 kilometers
Correct Answer: B

Question 4: Where is the Tharsis region located on Mars?
A) Northern hemisphere
B) Southern hemisphere
C) Near the equator
D) Polar region
Correct Answer: C

Question 5: What does the presence of sedimentary deposits in Lal Crater suggest?
A) Recent volcanic activity
B) Past water activity
C) Meteor impact
D) No geological activity
Correct Answer: B